KECERIAAN ANAK-ANAK DALAM BERMAIN SEBAGAI SUMBER IDE PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI LUKIS

Abstrak Penciptaan karya seni lukis pada Tugas Akhir ini terinspirasi dari kehidupan dalam keluarga pengkarya yang percaya bahwa keceriaan anak-anak adalah sesuatu yang penting dalam memberikan pengaruh yang positif pada kehidupan mereka. Keceriaan adalah hak setiap manusia, termasuk anak-anak, apapun latar belakang keluarga dan masalah yang sedang mereka hadapi. Keceriaan anak-anak saat bermain menjadi perhatian utama dan dijadikan ide dalam penciptaan karya seni lukis. Sedangkan Ekspresi keceriaan anak-anak ketika bermain, berinteraksi, dan bersosialisasi diantara mereka di alam terbuka adalah konsep yang akan ditawarkan dalam karya seni lukis ini, dengan harapan bisa menjadi wadah untuk mengekspresikan ide sekaligus menjadi pembelajaran mengenai pentingnya keceriaan anak-anak sejak dini. Pengkarya menggunakan metode yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu observasi, inkubasi, dokumentasi, dan lain-lain. Dalam perwujudannya melalui beberapa proses yang dilakukan yaitu pembuatan sketsa bentuk, blocking warna, penggarapan detail, finishing touch, dan kemudian pengemasan penyajian untuk disajikan dalam bentuk pameran. Kata kunci: Keceriaan, Anak-anak, Bermain, Seni Luki

Calculations of the interactions of energetic ions with materials for protection of computer memory and biological systems

Theoretical calculations were performed for the propagation and interactions of particles having high atomic numbers and energy through diverse shield materials including polymeric materials and epoxy-bound lunar regolith by using transport codes for laboratory ion beams and the cosmic ray spectrum. Heavy ions fragment and lose energy upon interactions with shielding materials of specified elemental composition, density, and thickness. A fragmenting heavy iron ion produces hundreds of isotopes during nuclear reactions, which are treated in the solution of the transport problem used here. A reduced set of 80 isotopes is sufficient to represent the charge distribution, but a minimum of 122 isotopes is necessary for the mass distribution. These isotopes are adequate for ion beams with charges equal to or less than 26. to predict the single event upset (SEU) rate in electronic devices, the resultant linear energy transfer (LET) spectra from the transport code behind various materials are coupled with a measured SEU cross section versus LET curve. The SEU rate on static random access memory (SRAM) is shown as a function of shield thickness for various materials. For a given mass the most effective shields for SEU reduction are materials with high hydrogen density, such as polyethylene. The shield effectiveness for protection of biological systems is examined by using conventional quality factors to calculate the dose equivalents and also by using the probability of the neoplastic transformation of shielded C3H10T1/2 mouse cells. The attenuation of biological effects within the shield and body tissues depends on the materials properties. The results predict that hydrogenous materials are good candidates for high-performance shields. Two biological models were used. Quantitative results depended upon model

Ripple-down rules based open information extraction for the web documents

The World Wide Web contains a massive amount of information in unstructured natural language and obtaining valuable information from informally written Web documents is a major research challenge. One research focus is Open Information Extraction (OIE) aimed at developing relation-independent information extraction. Open Information Extraction systems seek to extract all potential relations from the text rather than extracting few pre-defined relations. Previous machine learning-based Open Information Extraction systems require large volumes of labelled training examples and have trouble handling NLP tools errors caused by Web s informality. These systems used self-supervised learning that generates a labelled training dataset automatically using NLP tools with some heuristic rules. As the number of NLP tool errors increase because of the Web s informality, the self-supervised learning-based labelling technique produces noisy label and critical extraction errors. This thesis presents Ripple-Down Rules based Open Information Extraction (RDROIE) an approach to Open Information Extraction that uses Ripple-Down Rules (RDR) incremental learning technique. The key advantages of this approach are that it does not require labelled training dataset and can handle the freer writing style that occurs in Web documents and can correct errors introduced by NLP tools. The RDROIE system, with minimal low-cost rule addition, outperformed previous OIE systems on informal Web documents

KECERIAAN ANAK-ANAK DALAM BERMAIN SEBAGAI SUMBER IDE PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI LUKIS

Abstrak Penciptaan karya seni lukis pada Tugas Akhir ini terinspirasi dari kehidupan dalam keluarga pengkarya yang percaya bahwa keceriaan anak-anak adalah sesuatu yang penting dalam memberikan pengaruh yang positif pada kehidupan mereka. Keceriaan adalah hak setiap manusia, termasuk anak-anak, apapun latar belakang keluarga dan masalah yang sedang mereka hadapi. Keceriaan anak-anak saat bermain menjadi perhatian utama dan dijadikan ide dalam penciptaan karya seni lukis. Sedangkan Ekspresi keceriaan anak-anak ketika bermain, berinteraksi, dan bersosialisasi diantara mereka di alam terbuka adalah konsep yang akan ditawarkan dalam karya seni lukis ini, dengan harapan bisa menjadi wadah untuk mengekspresikan ide sekaligus menjadi pembelajaran mengenai pentingnya keceriaan anak-anak sejak dini. Pengkarya menggunakan metode yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu observasi, inkubasi, dokumentasi, dan lain-lain. Dalam perwujudannya melalui beberapa proses yang dilakukan yaitu pembuatan sketsa bentuk, blocking warna, penggarapan detail, finishing touch, dan kemudian pengemasan penyajian untuk disajikan dalam bentuk pameran

Space Radiation Cancer Risks and Uncertainities for Different Mission Time Periods

Space radiation consists of solar particle events (SPEs), comprised largely of medium energy protons (less than several hundred MeV); and galactic cosmic ray (GCR), which includes high energy protons and high charge and energy (HZE) nuclei. For long duration missions, space radiation presents significant health risks including cancer mortality. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is essential for radiation protection of crews on long term space missions outside of the protection of the Earth s magnetic field and for optimization of mission planning and costs. For the assessment of organ dosimetric quantities and cancer risks, the particle spectra at each critical body organs must be characterized. In implementing a PRA approach, a statistical model of SPE fluence was developed, because the individual SPE occurrences themselves are random in nature while the frequency distribution of SPEs depends strongly upon the phase within the solar activity cycle. Spectral variability of SPEs was also examined, because the detailed energy spectra of protons are important especially at high energy levels for assessing the cancer risk associated with energetic particles for large events. An overall cumulative probability of a GCR environment for a specified mission period was estimated for the temporal characterization of the GCR environment represented by the deceleration potential (theta). Finally, this probabilistic approach to space radiation cancer risk was coupled with a model of the radiobiological factors and uncertainties in projecting cancer risks. Probabilities of fatal cancer risk and 95% confidence intervals will be reported for various periods of space missions

Probalistic Assessment of Radiation Risk for Solar Particle Events

For long duration missions outside of the protection of the Earth's magnetic field, exposure to solar particle events (SPEs) is a major safety concern for crew members during extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar surface or Earth-to-moon or Earth-to-Mars transit. The large majority (~90%) of SPEs have small or no health consequences because the doses are low and the particles do not penetrate to organ depths. However, there is an operational challenge to respond to events of unknown size and duration. We have developed a probabilistic approach to SPE risk assessment in support of mission design and operational planning. Using the historical database of proton measurements during the past 5 solar cycles, the functional form of hazard function of SPE occurrence per cycle was found for nonhomogeneous Poisson model. A typical hazard function was defined as a function of time within a non-specific future solar cycle of 4000 days duration. Distributions of particle fluences for a specified mission period were simulated ranging from its 5th to 95th percentile. Organ doses from large SPEs were assessed using NASA's Baryon transport model, BRYNTRN. The SPE risk was analyzed with the organ dose distribution for the given particle fluences during a mission period. In addition to the total particle fluences of SPEs, the detailed energy spectra of protons, especially at high energy levels, were recognized as extremely important for assessing the cancer risk associated with energetic particles for large events. The probability of exceeding the NASA 30-day limit of blood forming organ (BFO) dose inside a typical spacecraft was calculated for various SPE sizes. This probabilistic approach to SPE protection will be combined with a probabilistic approach to the radiobiological factors that contribute to the uncertainties in projecting cancer risks in future work

Organ Dose Assessment and Evaluation of Cancer Risk on Mars Surface

Organ specific fluence spectra and doses for large solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) at various levels of solar activity are simulated on the surface of Mars using the HZETRN/QMSFRG computer code and the 2010 version of the Badhwar and O Neill GCR model. The NASA JSC propensity model of SPE fluence and occurrence is used to consider upper bounds on SPE fluence for increasing mission lengths. To account for the radiation transmission through the Mars atmosphere, a vertical distribution of Mars atmospheric thickness is calculated from the temperature and pressure data of Mars Global Surveyor. To describe the spherically distributed atmospheric distance on the Mars surface at each elevation, the directional cosine distribution is implemented. The resultant directional shielding by Mars atmosphere at each elevation is then coupled with vehicle and body shielding for organ dose estimates. Finally, cancer risks for astronauts exploring Mars can be assessed by applying the NASA Space Radiation Cancer Risk 2010 model with the resultant organ dose estimates. Variations of organ doses and cancer risk quantities on the surface of Mars, which are due to a 16-km elevation range between the Tharsis Montes and the Hellas impact basin, are visualized on the global topography of Mars measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. It is found that cancer incidence risks are about 2-fold higher than mortality risks with a disproportionate increase in skin and thyroid cancers for male and female astronauts and in breast cancer for female astronauts. The number of safe days, defined by the upper 95% percent confidence level to be below cancer limits, on Mars is analyzed for several Mars mission design scenarios

ON SEMIDEFINITE LINEAR FRACTIONAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS (Study on Nonlinear Analysis and Convex Analysis)

Recently, semidefinite optimization problems have been intensively studied since many optimization problems can be changed into the problems and the problems are very tractable ([5]). In this paper, we review the duality results for semidefinite linear fractional optimization problems in the paper ([3] On duality theorems for semidefinite linear fractional optimization problems, Journal of Nonliner and Convex Analysis, volume 20, 2019, 1907-1912)

Badhwar-O'Neill 2011 Galactic Cosmic Ray Model Update and Future Improvements

The Badhwar-O'Neill Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) Model based on actual GCR measurements is used by deep space mission planners for the certification of microelectronic systems and the analysis of radiation health risks to astronauts in space missions. The BO GCR Model provides GCR flux in deep space (outside the earth's magnetosphere) for any given time from 1645 to present. The energy spectrum from 50 MeV/n - 20 GeV/n is provided for ions from hydrogen to uranium. This work describes the most recent version of the BO GCR model (BO'11). BO'11 determined the GCR flux at a given time applying an emperical time delay function to past sunspot activity. We describe the GCR measurement data used in the BO'11 update - modern data from BESS, PAMELA, CAPRICE, and ACE emphasized more than the older balloon data used for the previous BO model (BO'10). We look at the GCR flux for the last 24 solar minima and show how much greater the flux was for the cycle 24 minimum in 2010. The BO'11 Model uses the traditional, steady-state Fokker-Planck differential equation to account for particle transport in the heliosphere due to diffusion, convection, and adiabatic deceleration. It assumes a radially symmetrical diffusion coefficient derived from magnetic disturbances caused by sunspots carried outward by a constant solar wind. A more complex differential equation is now being tested to account for particle transport in the heliosphere in the next generation BO model. This new model is time-dependent (no longer a steady state model). In the new model, the dynamics and anti-symmetrical features of the actual heliosphere are accounted for so emperical time delay functions will no longer be required. The new model will be capable of simulating the more subtle features of modulation - such as the Sun's polarity and modulation dependence on gradient and curvature drift. This improvement is expected to significantly improve the fidelity of the BO GCR model. Preliminary results of its performance will be presented

Cancer Risk Map for the Surface of Mars

We discuss calculations of the median and 95th percentile cancer risks on the surface of Mars for different solar conditions. The NASA Space Radiation Cancer Risk 2010 model is used to estimate gender and age specific cancer incidence and mortality risks for astronauts exploring Mars. Organ specific fluence spectra and doses for large solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) at various levels of solar activity are simulated using the HZETRN/QMSFRG computer code, and the 2010 version of the Badhwar and O Neill GCR model. The NASA JSC propensity model of SPE fluence and occurrence is used to consider upper bounds on SPE fluence for increasing mission lengths. In the transport of particles through the Mars atmosphere, a vertical distribution of Mars atmospheric thickness is calculated from the temperature and pressure data of Mars Global Surveyor, and the directional cosine distribution is implemented to describe the spherically distributed atmospheric distance along the slant path at each elevation on Mars. The resultant directional shielding by Mars atmosphere at each elevation is coupled with vehicle and body shielding for organ dose estimates. Astronaut cancer risks are mapped on the global topography of Mars, which was measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. Variation of cancer risk on the surface of Mars is due to a 16-km elevation range, and the large difference is obtained between the Tharsis Montes (Ascraeus, Pavonis, and Arsia) and the Hellas impact basin. Cancer incidence risks are found to be about 2-fold higher than mortality risks with a disproportionate increase in skin and thyroid cancers for all astronauts and breast cancer risk for female astronauts. The number of safe days on Mars to be below radiation limits at the 95th percent confidence level is reported for several Mission design scenarios